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卢浮宫被劫：法国人的奇耻大辱？_我的网站

会痛的十七岁

A | 巴黎时间10月19日上午9:30左右，在卢浮宫开放的第一个小时内、游客已进入展厅后，一起珠宝抢劫在其内的阿波罗廊（Galerie d’Apollon）发生。

B | 劫匪借用外墙的梯子攀抵上层窗户，只用了几分钟就劫走了9件无价之宝（一件后被找回）。随后博物馆紧急关闭，警方采取行动。 Democratic Gov. Andy Beshear and Republican Attorney General Daniel Cameron accused each other of taking extreme stands on abortion policy Monday night as they wrangled over an issue that's become a flashpoint in their hotly contested campaign for governor in Kentucky.During an hourlong debate at Northern Kentucky University in Highland Heights, Kentucky, the rivals fielded questions over education, taxes, public safety and the monthlong strike by autoworkers, which has spread to Ford's highly profitable Kentucky Truck Plant in Louisville.The candidates tried to one-up the other in their support for public education. Some of their sharpest exchanges during the televised debate, however, came when asked to lay out their stands on abortion. Their remarks, which took place about three weeks before the Nov. 7 election, came against the backdrop of Kentucky's current abortion law, which bans the procedure except when carried out to save a pregnant woman’s life or to prevent a disabling injury.Beshear said that his challenger celebrated the abortion ban’s passage and pointed to Cameron’s long-running support for the law as written, without exceptions for pregnancies caused by rape or incest.“My opponent’s position would give a rapist more rights than their victim," Beshear said. "It is wrong. We need to change this law. We need to make sure that those individuals have that option.”Once Roe v. Wade was overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court, the state’s trigger law — passed in 2019 — took effect to ban nearly all abortions.Cameron reiterated Monday night that he would sign a bill adding abortion exceptions if given the chance, a position he revealed during a radio interview last month.Cameron went on the attack by pointing to Beshear’s opposition to abortion restrictions passed by the state’s GOP-dominated legislature. As attorney general, Beshear refused to defend a law imposing a 20-week ban on abortion, and later as governor he vetoed a 15-week ban, Cameron said. “That is Andy Beshear’s record on the issue of life," Cameron said. "It’s one of failure for the unborn.”Beshear responded that he has consistently supported “reasonable restrictions,” especially on late-term abortions. Beshear also noted that the 15-week ban lacked exceptions for rape and incest.Abortion polices have been at the forefront of the campaign. Beshear's campaign released a TV ad last month featuring a Kentucky woman who revealed her own childhood trauma while calling for rape and incest exceptions. The woman, now in her early 20s, talked about having been raped by her stepfather when she was 12 years old. She became pregnant as a seventh grader but eventually miscarried.Meanwhile, the candidates took turns touting their plans to improve public education.Cameron accused the governor of mischaracterizing his plan to help students overcome learning loss when schools were closed during the pandemic.“We need a governor that is going to lean into this issue to fight for our kids and make sure that they have the best education system here possible in Kentucky,” Cameron said.Beshear highlighted his own plan calling for an 11% pay raise for teachers and all public school personnel, including bus drivers, janitors and cafeteria staff. He said he's supported educators “every step of the way” to raise their pay and protect their pensions as governor and previously as attorney general.“If we want to make sure that we have a math teacher, a physics teacher, everything we need in our classrooms, we have to pay people closer to what they’re worth,” the governor said.Beshear also made another pitch for his plan for state-funded pre-K for every 4-year-old in Kentucky.Beshear criticized Cameron for supporting a Republican-backed measure to award tax credits for donations supporting private school tuition. The Kentucky Supreme Court struck down the measure last year. The governor and other opponents of the bill said the program would have diverted money from public schools. Supporters said the measure offered opportunities for parents who want new schooling options for their children but are unable to afford them.“He (Cameron) supports a voucher program that would take tens of millions of dollars out of our public school system," Beshear said. "Out of the paychecks of our educators, out of the resources that they need, and again send them to fancy private schools.”Cameron has proposed raising the statewide base starting pay for new teachers, saying it would have a ripple effect by lifting pay for other teachers. Cameron’s plan also would develop an optional, 16-week tutoring program for math and reading instruction.“We need leadership that’s going to catch our kids up,” Cameron said.The candidates were asked to weigh in on the targeted strikes by the United Auto Workers union at all three Detroit automakers. Beshear replied that “this isn’t an either-or. We need the UAW to come out in a strong place and Ford to come out in a strong place, too.”Ford is a major employer in Louisville with two assembly plants in Kentucky's largest city. Ford and its battery partner, SK Innovation of South Korea, are building twin battery plants outside Glendale in central Kentucky — a $5.8 billion megaproject landed during Beshear's tenure as governor.Cameron expressed support for the workers while saying he hopes for a swift resolution. He blamed the labor dispute on President Joe Biden's economic policies, part of his effort to nationalize the campaign by linking Beshear to the Democratic president — a well-used GOP strategy in red states like Kentucky.“We are in this mess because of the inflationary pressures that are coming from Washington, D.C.,” Cameron said.。一、哪些珠宝遗失了？第一件被确认的被盗物，是曾属于欧仁妮皇后的王冠。

C | 幸运的是，劫匪在逃跑路上遗落了这件镶有钻石和祖母绿的金质王冠；不幸的是，它已经被损坏了，需要得到修复。拍摄：Luna 欧仁妮（Eugénie de Montijo），是拿破仑三世的妻子。皇冠总共使用了56颗祖母绿和1354颗钻石，又靠黄金做出帝国双头鹰与繁复的花叶纹样。

D | 本与拿破仑三世的皇冠是形状相同的一对，皇帝的那只已经消失不见，更显皇后这只珍贵。在数小时的人心惶惶后，法国文化部公布了另外8件被盗展品：法国王后玛丽-阿梅莉（Queen Marie-Amélie）蓝宝石珠宝套装的一部分，包括一顶蓝宝石冠冕、与其配套的项链与一只耳环；拿破仑一世的第二任妻子玛丽-路易丝（Marie-Louise）的祖母绿项链与配套耳环；欧仁妮皇后（Empress Eugénie）的珍珠冠冕、一枚大型钻石胸饰和一枚钻石胸针。部分失窃物丨拍摄：Luna 这些物件都属于法国的“王室珠宝”，宝石、珍珠与贵金属的价值远远低于它们的文化价值。

E | 金与银中交缠的是财富与家族命运，宝石上记载着帝国权力交替和时代洪流中的个人命运。失窃不单是物质损失，更是对公共记忆的一次伤害。玛丽-阿梅莉王后的蓝宝石首饰冠冕共镶嵌24颗无烧斯里兰卡蓝宝石，并镶嵌1083颗钻石。

F | 这套冠冕先后由奥坦斯王后、玛丽-阿梅莉王后和奥尔良的伊莎贝尔佩戴。

G | 它一直留在奥尔良家族手中，直到1985年卢浮宫购入。这套套装最初包含一顶冠冕、一条项链、一对耳环、两枚小胸针和一枚大胸针、一把梳子和两只手镯（卢浮宫藏品中未见）。玛丽-路易丝皇后的祖母绿套装 1810年前后，拿破仑为他的第二任妻子玛丽-路易丝准备了数件结婚礼物，就包括这条祖母绿项链和耳环。项链镶嵌有32颗哥伦比亚祖母绿和1138颗钻石，曲线优美。

H | 欧仁妮皇后的冠冕与胸饰欧仁妮皇后是法国最具标志性的时尚与权力的象征人物，她的珠宝首饰承袭了上一个时代的柔美，也以独特的造型引领了新时代的潮流。这件蝴蝶结形胸衣饰品，是19世纪最令人印象深刻的饰品之一。

I | 它共镶嵌2634颗钻石，高22.2厘米宽10.5厘米，比一个巴掌还大。它虽沉重却不坚硬，精湛的镶嵌工艺赋予蝴蝶结和流苏极大的柔韧性，使宝石在轻微的摆动中熠熠生辉。 2008年，它出现在了佳士得的一场拍卖上，估价400万~600万美元。卢浮宫紧急参与协商，在拍卖开始前的最后时刻，与卖家私下达成交易，将其纳入“王室珠宝”收藏。珍珠冠冕宽19厘米高7厘米，在同类饰品中也属于重器。令人印象深刻的是它漩涡形的结构，和顶部饰有钻石叶子托起的梨形天然海水珍珠。

J | 欧仁妮皇后的饰品都在同一个展柜中这枚“圣物”钻石胸针，制作于1855年，镶有数颗令人目瞪口呆的巨型钻石。胸针中央的两颗心型钻石，是红衣主教马萨林遗赠给路易十四的礼物（马萨林钻石17与18），还有钻石曾镶嵌在路易十四的外套、玛丽-安托瓦内特王后的耳环上。

K | 这对钻石幸免于经历了1793年法国大革命、1887年法国王室珠宝拍卖，现在却被劫匪带走。二、劫案是如何发生的？上午9点30分左右，4名作案者到达了卢浮宫主建筑的东南角，其中至少有1人身穿黄色背心伪装成维修人员。他们使用梯子和升降吊篮攀至阿波罗廊外的阳台，再破窗进入，然后借助角磨机（也有媒体称是链锯）打开了玻璃展柜。

L | 现场目击游客称，他们先打破了离窗子最近的欧仁妮皇后展柜，然后又打破旁边柜子。整个抢劫时间只花了4分钟（一说7分钟）。三、劫案发生地是哪里？被洗劫的阿波罗廊，是卢浮宫最重要的房间，17世纪为彰显“太阳王”路易十四的气势而装饰得华美非凡。这里长期陈列法国王室与帝国时期的银器、王冠与仪仗用品，亦是国家象征的展示场所。卢浮宫将大量珍宝（包括23件王室珠宝）放置于此，直接向公众展示。王室珠宝中第一号“摄政王钻石”（Régent diamond）此次幸免于难。

M | 摄政王钻石重140.64克拉，曾镶在路易十五的王冠上，后被拿破仑用于加冕剑。它身世离奇：这颗钻石在1698年左右产自印度，原重410克拉。

N | 一个奴隶划破自己的大腿，把它藏在了伤口里；但是，一个英国海员杀死奴隶、偷出了钻石，把钻石卖给了一个印度商人；再后来，一个英国官员Thomas Pitt得到钻石，把它切到如今的样子；1717年，路易十五的摄政王、奥尔良公爵腓力二世以13.5万英镑 (相当于2015年的1亿852万英镑）买下了钻石——之后它就一直是法国的王室珠宝了。四、这里的珠宝都是真的吗？阿波罗廊内的藏品都可以说是“真品”。有一件确实算真伪并存，就是刚刚提到的“路易十五王冠”，卢浮宫也写得很清楚：该王冠于1722年为路易十五加冕而制，原本镶嵌包括摄政王钻石在内的多颗名钻。1885年法国第三共和国决定拍卖大部分法国王室珠宝；为保留国家象征，王冠框架被保留作为展品，但其上的贵重宝石已被替换为玻璃或仿石。玻璃和真身的摄政王钻石并列而放，也是很有意思。此次被盗的珠宝都制造于19世纪，有数件都在漫长的时光中被改装过。但重要的是，它们传承有序、确切可查，因此被公认为“真品”。五、卢浮宫不是第一次被盗了卢浮宫的安保有多脆皮，现在全世界都知道了。大白天，警卫都上班了，4个盗贼爬梯子闯了进去，人现在还没抓到…… 卢浮宫也不是第一次失窃了。

o | 1911年《蒙娜丽莎》被窃，是雇员作案。1976年阿波罗廊（对，同个地方），查理十世的加冕剑被盗，后面再无下文。1983年5月31日，又有16世纪铠甲被盗；奇迹的是，2021年又找回来了。甚至卢浮宫的珠宝去年就失窃过。2024年11月，巴黎Cognacq-Jay博物馆遭到暴力抢劫，7件精美珍贵的珠宝盒遗失。当时该博物馆正举办临时展览，7件遗失物中来自卢浮宫、英国皇家收藏和维多利亚与阿尔伯特博物馆的藏品。就在4天前，10月16日， 5件被宣布找回。眼熟吗？丨维多利亚与阿尔伯特博物馆六、丢失的珠宝还能找回来吗？有希望，但不能太乐观。与此次卢浮宫劫案一样震惊世界的，是2019年11月25日的德国绿穹珍宝馆（Grünes Gewölbe）事件：清晨，窃贼先纵火破坏电力配电箱，切断街灯与警报系统，然后从窗户破入，使用斧头破坏展柜，取走了大量珠宝，估价1.13亿欧元。当年失窃物品中的一部分丨萨克森警察部门德国警方于2022年找回了其中31件赃物，但并非全部。数件重要物品仍然下落不明，如镶有49克拉萨克森白钻石“Saxon White”的胸饰。

p | 德累斯顿官方公布的失窃物品卢浮宫也找回来过失窃物，就是上文所说的盔甲。失窃后，它在私人收藏界销声匿迹近四十年。

q | 2021年 1 月，拍卖商聘请了一位法国军事文物专家对波尔多某家族的遗产估价，专家认出了这两件赃物并报案…… Police Nacionale via Twitter 对于那些拥有独特历史印记和艺术价值、难以分解或易于辨认的藏品，只要其照片和历史信息被完整保留，博物馆和执法部门就永远有机会将其找回。但是，顶级珠宝由于镶嵌了大量的钻石和珍贵宝石，一旦失窃极易被迅速拆解，甚至钻石会被重新打磨——那就再也认不出原样了。本次卢浮宫案中若盗贼有喘息之机，拆下珍珠与钻石、打散出手，那么找回难度极大；如果仍以原型保存，那么将来回归的可能性还是有的。